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Data curation

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Data curation is the organization and integration of <a href="Data" title="Data">data</a> collected from various sources. It involves annotation, publication and presentation of the data so that the value of the data is maintained over time, and the data remains available for reuse and preservation. Data curation includes "all the processes needed for principled and <a href="Data_governance" title="Data governance">controlled data</a> creation, maintenance, and <a href="Data_management" title="Data management">management</a>, together with the capacity to add value to data".<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> In science, data curation may indicate the process of extraction of important information from scientific texts, such as research articles by experts, to be converted into an electronic format, such as an entry of a <a href="Biological_database" title="Biological database">biological database</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>

In the modern era of <a href="Big_data" title="Big data">big data</a>, the curation of data has become more prominent, particularly for <a href="Software" title="Software">software</a> processing high volume and complex data systems.<a href="#cite_note-haofda-3">[3]</a> The term is also used within the humanities,<a href="#cite_note-dicuhu-4">[4]</a> where increasing cultural and scholarly data from <a href="Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">digital humanities</a> projects requires the expertise and analytical practices of data curation.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In broad terms, curation means a range of activities and processes done to create, manage, maintain, and <a href="Data_validation" title="Data validation">validate</a> a <a href="Data_element" title="Data element">component</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Specifically, data curation is the attempt to determine what information is worth saving and for how long.<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_practice">History and practice</h2></div>

The <a href="User_(system)" class="mw-redirect" title="User (system)">user</a>, rather than the database itself, typically initiates data curation and maintains <a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-deanop-8">[8]</a> According to the <a href="University_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois">University of Illinois</a>' Graduate School of Library and Information Science, "Data curation is the active and on-going management of data through its lifecycle of interest and usefulness to scholarship, science, and education; curation activities enable data discovery and retrieval, maintain quality, add value, and provide for re-use over time."<a href="#cite_note-cragin-9">[9]</a> The data curation workflow is distinct from <a href="Data_quality" title="Data quality">data quality</a> management, <a href="Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">data protection</a>, <a href="Information_Lifecycle_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Lifecycle Management">lifecycle management</a>, and <a href="Extract%2C_transform%2C_load" title="Extract, transform, load">data movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-deanop-8">[8]</a>

Census data has been available in tabulated punch card form since the early 20th century and has been electronic since the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The <a href="Inter-university_Consortium_for_Political_and_Social_Research" title="Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research">Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)</a> website marks 1962 as the date of their first Survey Data Archive.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

Deep background on data libraries appeared in a 1982 issue of the Illinois journal, Library Trends.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> For historical background on the data archive movement, see "Social Scientific Information Needs for Numeric Data: The Evolution of the International Data Archive Infrastructure."<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The exact curation process undertaken within any organisation depends on the volume of data, how much noise the data contains, and what the expected future use of the data means to its dissemination.<a href="#cite_note-haofda-3">[3]</a>

The crises in space data led to the 1999 creation of the <a href="Open_Archival_Information_System" title="Open Archival Information System">Open Archival Information System (OAIS)</a> model,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> stewarded by the <a href="Consultative_Committee_for_Space_Data_Systems" title="Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems">Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)</a>, which was formed in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

The term data curation is sometimes used in the context of <a href="Biological_databases" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological databases">biological databases</a>, where specific biological information is firstly obtained from a range of research articles and then stored within a specific category of database. For instance, information about anti-depressant drugs can be obtained from various sources and, after checking whether they are available as a database or not, they are saved under a drug's database's anti-depressive category. Enterprises are also utilizing data curation within their operational and strategic processes to ensure data quality and accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projects_and_studies">Projects and studies</h2></div>

The Dissemination Information Packages (DIPS) for Information Reuse (DIPIR) project is studying research data produced and used by quantitative social scientists, archaeologists, and zoologists. The intended audience is researchers who use secondary data and the digital curators, digital repository managers, data center staff, and others who collect, manage, and store digital information.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

The <a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">Protein Data Bank</a> was established in 1971 at <a href="Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>, and has grown into a global project.<a href="#cite_note-PDB-19">[19]</a> A database for three-dimensional structural data of proteins and other large biological molecules, the PDB contains over 120,000 structures, all standardized, validated against experimental data, and annotated.

<a href="FlyBase" title="FlyBase">FlyBase</a>, the primary repository of genetic and molecular data for the insect family <a href="Drosophilidae" title="Drosophilidae">Drosophilidae</a>, dates back to 1992. FlyBase annotates the entire <a href="Drosophila_melanogaster" title="Drosophila melanogaster">Drosophila melanogaster</a> genome.<a href="#cite_note-FlyBase-20">[20]</a>

The <a href="Linguistic_Data_Consortium" title="Linguistic Data Consortium">Linguistic Data Consortium</a> is a data repository for linguistic data, dating back to 1992.<a href="#cite_note-LDC-21">[21]</a>

The <a href="Sloan_Digital_Sky_Survey" title="Sloan Digital Sky Survey">Sloan Digital Sky Survey</a> began surveying the night sky in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-SDSS-22">[22]</a> Computer scientist <a href="Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist)" title="Jim Gray (computer scientist)">Jim Gray</a>, while working on the data architecture of the SDSS, championed the idea of data curation in the sciences.<a href="#cite_note-Foundations_of_Data_Curation-23">[23]</a>

<a href="DataNet" class="mw-redirect" title="DataNet">DataNet</a> was a research program of the U.S. National Science Foundation Office of Cyberinfrastructure, funding data management projects in the sciences.<a href="#cite_note-datanetprogram-24">[24]</a> <a href="DataONE" title="DataONE">DataONE</a> (Data Observation Network for Earth) is one of the projects funded through <a href="Datanet" title="Datanet">DataNet</a>, helping the environmental science community preserve and share data.<a href="#cite_note-DataONE-25">[25]</a>

The commercial importance of data curation is highlighted by the existence of patents in the field. For example, companies like Tamr Inc. and Praxi Data hold patents related to data curation technologies and processes.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>

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<ul><li><a href="Biocurator" class="mw-redirect" title="Biocurator">Biocurator</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_archaeology" title="Data archaeology">Data archaeology</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_degradation" title="Data degradation">Data degradation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_format_management" title="Data format management">Data format management</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_preservation" title="Data preservation">Data preservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_stewardship" class="mw-redirect" title="Data stewardship">Data stewardship</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_wrangling" title="Data wrangling">Data wrangling</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_curation" title="Digital curation">Digital curation</a> – the curation of published documents, rather than raw data<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_preservation" title="Digital preservation">Digital preservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Informationist" title="Informationist">Informationist</a> – an individual with extensive expertise in data curation</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="Ren%C3%A9e_J._Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="Renée J. Miller">Renée J. Miller</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comad.in/comad2014/Proceedings/Keynote2.pdf">“Big Data Curation”</a> in 20th International Conference on Management of Data (COMAD) 2014, Hyderabad, India, December 17–19, 2014

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<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> "An Introduction to Humanities Data Curation" by Julia Flanders and Trevor Muñoz <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://guide.dhcuration.org/intro/">http://guide.dhcuration.org/intro/</a>. Not available any more: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925151437/http://guide.dhcuration.org/contents/intro/">archive.org</a>

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<li id="cite_note-cragin-9"><a href="#cite_ref-cragin_9-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCraginHeidorn,_P._BryanPalmer,_Carole_L.Smith,_Linda_C.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Cragin, Melissa; Heidorn, P. Bryan; Palmer, Carole L.; Smith, Linda C. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/3493">"An Educational Program on Data Curation"</a>. ALA Science & Technology Section Conference. Retrieved 7 October 2013.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clir.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2016/09/pub63watersgarrett.pdf">"Preserving Digital Information (PDI) report"</a> (PDF). 1996. Retrieved 2018-03-13.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/content/about/history/">"ICPSR: History"</a>. www.icpsr.umich.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-15.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Kathleen M. Heim, "Social Scientific Information Needs for Numeric Data: The Evolution of the International Data Archive Infrastructure." in Collection Management 9 (Spring 1987): 1-53.

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<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/2000/lavoie-oais.html">"The OAIS reference model"</a>. 2015-12-09. Retrieved 2018-03-15.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> E. Curry, A. Freitas, and S. O’Riáin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://3roundstones.com/led_book/led-curry-et-al.html">“The Role of Community-Driven Data Curation for Enterprises,”</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120123161104/http://3roundstones.com/led_book/led-curry-et-al.html">Archived</a> 2012-01-23 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Linking Enterprise Data, D. Wood, Ed. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010, pp. 25-47. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4419-7664-2</bdi>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Dissemination Information Packages for Information Reuse (DIPIR) project <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.oclc.org/research/themes/user-studies/dipir.html">http://www.oclc.org/research/themes/user-studies/dipir.html</a>

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<li id="cite_note-Foundations_of_Data_Curation-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Foundations_of_Data_Curation_23-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPalmerWeberMuñozRenear2013" class="citation journal cs1">Palmer, Carole L.; Weber, Nicholas M.; Muñoz, Trevor; Renear, Allen H. (June 2013). "Foundations of Data Curation: The Pedagogy and Practice of "Purposeful Work" with Research Data". Archive Journal. 3. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2142%2F78099">2142/78099</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-datanetprogram-24"><a href="#cite_ref-datanetprogram_24-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=503141">"Sustainable Digital Data Preservation and Access Network Partners (DataNet) Program Summary"</a>. National Science Foundation. September 28, 2007. Retrieved March 15, 2018.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-DataONE-25"><a href="#cite_ref-DataONE_25-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426165259/https://www.dataone.org/what-dataone">"What is DataONE?"</a>. What is DataONE?. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dataone.org/what-dataone">the original</a> on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2018.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.praxi.ai/what-is-data-curation">"What is Data Curation?"</a>. Praxi AI. Retrieved 15 June 2025.</cite>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li>Curation of ecological and environmental data: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dataone.org/">DataONE</a></li>

<li>Data management tools and services spanning multiple scientific disciplines: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dataconservancy.org/">DataConservancy</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Data8" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Data" title="Data">Data</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Data_acquisition" title="Data acquisition">Acquisition</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_augmentation" title="Data augmentation">Augmentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_analysis" title="Data analysis">Analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_anonymization" title="Data anonymization">Anonymization</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_archaeology" title="Data archaeology">Archaeology</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_cleansing" title="Data cleansing">Cleansing</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_collection" title="Data collection">Collection</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_compression" title="Data compression">Compression</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_corruption" title="Data corruption">Corruption</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">Deduplication</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_degradation" title="Data degradation">Degradation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_de-identification" class="mw-redirect" title="Data de-identification">De-identification</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_ecosystem" title="Data ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_editing" title="Data editing">Editing</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_engineering" title="Data engineering">Engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_erasure" title="Data erasure">Erasure</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Data_extraction" title="Data extraction">Extract</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_transformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Data transformation">Transform</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Data ethics">Ethics</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_exhaust" title="Data exhaust">Exhaust</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_exploration" title="Data exploration">Exploration</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_farming" title="Data farming">Farming</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_format_management" title="Data format management">Format management</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_fusion" title="Data fusion">Fusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_governance" title="Data governance">Governance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Data_cooperative" title="Data cooperative">Cooperatives</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Data_infrastructure" title="Data infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_integration" title="Data integration">Integration</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_integrity" title="Data integrity">Integrity</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Data library">Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_lineage" title="Data lineage">Lineage</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_management" title="Data management">Management</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_migration" title="Data migration">Migration</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_mining" title="Data mining">Mining</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_philanthropy" title="Data philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_pre-processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Data pre-processing">Pre-processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_preservation" title="Data preservation">Preservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_processing" title="Data processing">Processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">Protection (privacy)</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_publishing" title="Data publishing">Publishing</a>

<li><a href="Data_recovery" title="Data recovery">Recovery</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_reduction" title="Data reduction">Reduction</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_redundancy" title="Data redundancy">Redundancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_re-identification" title="Data re-identification">Re-identification</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_remanence" title="Data remanence">Remanence</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_rescue" title="Data rescue">Rescue</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_retention" title="Data retention">Retention</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_quality" title="Data quality">Quality</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_science" title="Data science">Science</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_scraping" title="Data scraping">Scraping</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_scrubbing" title="Data scrubbing">Scrubbing</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_security" title="Data security">Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_sharing" title="Data sharing">Sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_steward" title="Data steward">Stewardship</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_storage" title="Data storage">Storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_structure" title="Data structure">Structure</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_synchronization" title="Data synchronization">Synchronization</a></li>

<li><a href="Topological_data_analysis" title="Topological data analysis">Topological data analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_validation" title="Data validation">Validation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_warehouse" title="Data warehouse">Warehouse</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_wrangling" title="Data wrangling">Wrangling/munging</a></li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-19" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Data_curation&oldid=1296371438">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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